Modern Grammar - Assignment 2 James Madison University

Instructions: Please write or type your answers in a legible form for submission. Also, please use full-sized sheets of paper and remember to include your name at the top of the assignment. Multiple pages should be stapled together.

1. For each of the following rules, state whether it is a rule of prescriptive grammar (a normative rule) or a rule of descriptive grammar (a constitutive rule) for English:
   1. Don't start a sentence with a conjunction.
   2. The masculine, third person, singular, reflexive pronoun form should be "himself," not "hisself".
   3. Multiple adjectives may precede the noun they modify.
   4. Regular count nouns are made plural by the addition of a suffix (a predictable ending on the word, meaning "plural").

2. For the same four rules above, state which are rules concerning syntax and which are rules concerning morphology.

3. Give an example of an English "sentence" (one you create or one overheard "in the wild") that is truly ungrammatical, not just prescriptively nonstandard/dispreferred.

Starting On Chapter Two Material:

4. Give an example of each of the following (not one from a textbook or other grammar reference source):
   1. A pair of homonyms in English.

   2. Two words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently (i.e., homographs).

   3. A word spelled with one or more silent letters.

5. Make up four new "words" that all both sound like English and could be spelled in more than one way. (Don't worry about coming up with a meaning for these new "words." :) ) Write down your own spelling choice for just two of these four "words". Then recruit at least two or three friends as anonymous volunteers and do the following:
   Show your two written "words" to your volunteers and ask them how they'd pronounce them. Were they sure? Was it what you expected?
   and
   SAY the OTHER two words aloud and ask your friends how they would spell them. Write down the results, labelling your friends as just person1, person2, etc.
6. What is the term used in our textbook for the particular KIND of phonetics we will be studying? (Hint: It involves discussing "articulators." :) )
7. Finally, following our textbook, make yourself two charts, one for the consonant sounds in English and one for the vowel sounds. Use a separate sheet of paper for each. Don't fill in the sounds yet, but do mark the relevant features that will be used to determine where each sound goes in one of these charts. (We'll discuss what the features mean and fill the charts in together in class. :) ) Note that you might want to use a pencil for this. Also, the textbook doesn't actually put in dividing lines between each horizontal and vertical feature to create neat boxes, but it might make studying with your chart easier if you do so.