SERBIA and MONTENEGRO
(formerly Yugoslavia)
Area:
total: 102,350 sq km (Serbia 88,412 sq km; Montenegro 13,938
sq km)
land: 102,136 sq km (Serbia 88,412 sq km; Montenegro 13,724
sq km)
water: 214 sq km (Serbia 0 sq km; Montenegro 214 sq km)
Area—comparative: slightly smaller than Kentucky (Serbia is slightly larger than Maine; Montenegro is slightly smaller than Connecticut)
Coastline: 199 km (Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km)
Climate: in the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain: extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
Natural resources: oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Environment—current issues: pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Age structure:
0-14 years: Montenegro—22% (male 76,764; female 71,647); Serbia—
20% (male 1,121,483; female 1,043,535)
15-64 years: Montenegro—67% (male 231,849; female 227,268);
Serbia— 67% (male 3,539,198; female 3,487,318)
65 years and over: Montenegro—11% (male 29,837; female 42,539);
Serbia— 13% (male 575,697; female 758,904) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: Montenegro—0.07%; Serbia—-0.02% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: Montenegro—13.55 births/1,000 population; Serbia—12.62 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: Montenegro—7.40 deaths/1,000 population; Serbia—9.67 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: Montenegro—11.24 deaths/1,000 live births; Serbia—17.11 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: Montenegro—76.14 years; Serbia—73.17 years
male: Montenegro—72.67 years; Serbia—70.77 years
female: Montenegro—79.92 years; Serbia—75.76 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: Montenegro—1.76 children born/woman; Serbia—1.75 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Ethnic groups: Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%
Religions: Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%
Literacy: NA
Independence: 11 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia—SFRY)
National holiday: St. Vitus Day, 28 June
Constitution: 27 April 1992
Suffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Political parties and leaders: Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party) [Slobodan MILOSEVIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC, president]; Democratic Party or DS [Zoran DJINDJIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPSCG [Milica PEJANOVIC-DJURISIC, president]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Novak KILIBARDA]; Socialist People's Party of Montenegro or SNP [Momir BULATOVIC]; Social Democratic Party of Montenegro or SDP [Zarko RAKCEVIE]; Liberal Alliance of Montenegro [Slavko PEROVIC]; Democratic Community of Vojvodina Hungarians or DZVM [Sandor PALL]; League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK]; Reformist Democratic Party of Vojvodina or RDSV [Aleksandar POPOV]; Democratic Alliance of Vojvodina Croats or DSHV [Bela TONKOVIC]; League of Communists-Movement for Yugoslavia or SK-PJ [Dragomir DRASKOVIC]; Democratic Alliance of Kosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; New Democratic League of Kosovo or LDRK [Hydayet HYSENI]; Parliamentary Party of Kosovo or PPK [Adern DERNACI]; Party of Democratic Action or SDA [Dr. Sulejman UGLJANIN]; Civic Alliance of Serbia or GSS [Vesna PESIC, chairman]; Yugoslav United Left or JUL [Mirjana MARKOVIC (MILOSEVIC's wife)]; New Democracy or ND [Dusan MIHAJLOVIC]; Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]
GDP—real growth rate: 7% (1997 est.)
GDP—composition by sector:
agriculture: 25%
industry: 50%
services: 25% (1994 est.)
Agriculture—products: cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats
Exports:
total value: $2.8 billion (1996 est.)
commodities: manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw
materials
partners: Russia, Italy, Germany
Imports:
total value: $6.2 billion (1996 est.)
commodities: machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants,
manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
partners: Germany, Italy, Russia
Debt—external: $11.2 billion (1995 est.)
Currency: 1 Yugoslav New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras
Military manpower—fit for military service:
males: Montenegro—150,666 (1998 est.); Serbia—2,187,111 (1998
est.)
Military expenditures—dollar figure: 6.55 billion dinars (1998 est.); note—conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results
Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 6% (1998 est.